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Red brick is a classic and enduring masonry unit made primarily from clay, shaped into a rectangular form, and hardened by firing in a kiln. Its distinctive reddish color comes from the iron oxide present in the clay, which oxidizes during the firing process. The fundamental manufacturing process involves mining suitable clay, mixing it with water to achieve plasticity, forming it into bricks (historically by hand in molds, now almost exclusively by extrusion or pressing), drying them, and finally firing them at high temperatures (typically between 900°C and 1200°C). This firing process vitrifies the clay particles, giving the brick its strength, durability, and weather resistance. Different clays and firing techniques can produce a range of hues, from light salmon to deep purple-brown, and variations in texture, from smooth to heavily sand-faced or "rustic."

Red brick's primary application is in construction for load-bearing walls, veneers, pavers, and architectural features. Its advantages include excellent compressive strength (making it ideal for structural walls), fire resistance, thermal mass (helping to regulate indoor temperatures), and a timeless aesthetic that conveys solidity and tradition. While traditional solid bricks are still used, modern construction often employs hollow bricks or brick veneers over a structural frame for efficiency and cost savings. Despite competition from concrete blocks and other materials, red brick remains a globally recognized and widely used building material, valued for its combination of structural performance, low maintenance, and enduring visual appeal in both historic and contemporary architecture. Its production is also adapting to sustainability goals through energy-efficient kilns and the use of recycled content.